SQL Server Glossary - TechNet Articles - United States (English) - TechNet Wiki

.NET Framework

An integral Windows component that supports building, deploying, and running the next generation of applications and Web services. It provides a highly productive, standards-based, multilanguage environment for integrating existing investments with next generation applications and services, as well as the agility to solve the challenges of deployment and operation of Internet-scale applications. The .NET Framework consists of three main parts: the common language runtime, a hierarchical set of unified class libraries, and a componentized version of ASP called ASP.NET. See also: ASP.NET, common language runtime, .NET Framework class library.

active statement

A SQL statement that has been run but whose result set has not yet been canceled or fully processed.

ActiveX Data Objects

Component Object Model objects that provide access to data sources. This API provides a layer between OLE DB and programming languages such as Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications, Active Server Pages, and Microsoft Internet Explorer Visual Basic Scripting.

ActiveX Data Objects (Multidimensional)

A high-level, language-independent set of object-based data access interfaces optimized for multidimensional data applications.

ActiveX Data Objects MultiDimensional.NET

A managed data provider used to communicate with multidimensional data sources.

ad hoc report

An .rdl report created with Report Builder 1.0 that accesses report models.

add-in

A custom extension, written in any language that supports the Component Object Model (COM), that interacts with Analysis Manager and provides specific functionality.

ADO MD

See Other Term: ActiveX Data Objects (Multidimensional)

ADOMD.NET

See Other Term: ActiveX Data Objects MultiDimensional.NET

adornment

A control or status area that is attached to the edge of a pane or window, such as a toolbar or ruler.

aggregate function

A function that performs a calculation on multiple values and returns a single summary value.

aggregate of aggregates

A summary value calculated from aggregates, such as the maximum of a set of sums.

aggregate query

A query that summarizes information from multiple rows by including an aggregate function such as Sum or Avg.

aggregation

A table or structure that contains precalculated data for a cube.

aggregation design

In Analysis Services, the process of defining how an aggregation is created.

aggregation prefix

A string that is combined with a system-defined ID to create a unique name for a partition's aggregation table.

alert

A user-defined response to a SQL Server event.

alias

An alternative name for a table or column in expressions that is often used to shorten the name for subsequent reference in code, prevent possible ambiguous references, or provide a more descriptive name in the query output.

alignment

A condition that exists when an index is built on the same partition scheme as its corresponding table.

allocation unit

A set of pages that can be operated on as a whole.

AMO

See Other Term: Analysis Management Objects

Analysis Management Objects

The complete library of programmatically accessed objects that let and application manage a running instance of Analysis Services.

analytical data

In a report, a set of numeric values that can be analyzed. In a report map, analytical values control color, marker type, or size of map elements on each map layer.

ancestor

A member in a superior level in a dimension hierarchy that is related through lineage to the current member within the dimension hierarchy.

annotational property

A property that is maintained by Metadata Services as string data that can be attached to any repository object that exposes the IAnnotationalProps interface.

anonymous subscription

A type of pull subscription for which detailed information about the subscription and the Subscriber is not stored.

antialiasing

In graphics, using an algorithm to smoothing out a jagged approximation of a curved line.

API server cursor

A server cursor that is built to support the cursor functions of an API, such as ODBC, OLE DB, ADO, and DB-Library.

application

An individual solution for matching events with subscriptions, and then formatting and delivering the resulting notifications.

application database

The database that stores user and system data for one application.

application role

A SQL Server role created to support the security needs of an application.

argument

A value that provides information to an action, an event, a method, a property, a function, or a procedure.

article

A database object in a publication that is specified for replication.

assembly

A managed application module containing class metadata and managed code as an object in SQL Server, against which CLR functions, stored procedures, triggers, user-defined aggregates, and user-defined types can be created in SQL Server.

atomic

Description of an operation where all the transaction data modifications must be performed. If all data modifications are not performed, then none are performed.

attribute

1. The building block of dimensions and their hierarchies that corresponds to a single column in a dimension table. 2. In Master Data Services, an object that describes the members within an entity.

attribute relationship

The hierarchy associated with an attribute containing a single level based on the corresponding column in a dimension table.

authentication

The process of verifying the identity of a user, computer, process, or other entity by validating the credentials provided by the entity. Common forms of credentials are digital signatures, smart cards, biometric data, and a combination of user names and passwords.

authenticator

A data structure used by one party to prove that another party knows a secret key.

automatic failover

The process in which, in response to a node or resource failure, resources in a cluster switch ownership and start on another node in the server cluster. This term applies to a server cluster/failover cluster combination only.

axis

The vertical and horizontal lines on a graph used to show the position of a point.

A tape or disk drive containing a backup medium.

A single backup within a media set. Each backup set is distributed among all the media families of the media set.

A dimension hierarchy in which all leaf nodes are the same distance from the root node.

A collection of files, folders, and other data that have been backed up and stored in a file or on one or more tapes.

A data backup of a database or files upon which a differential backup is fully or partially based. The base backup is the most recent full or file backup of the database or files.

A table stored permanently in a database. Base tables are referenced by views, cursors, SQL statements, and stored procedures.

1. A set of SQL statements submitted together and run as a group. 2. In Reporting Services, a collection of SOAP method calls within a single transaction.

Files that store bulk copy data created by the bulk copy utility or by synchronization between a Publisher and its Subscribers.

A piece of binary data that has an exceptionally large size, such as images, audio, or multimedia tracks that are stored as digital data, or any variable or table column that is large enough to hold such values.

In Analysis Services, a defined relationship between an attribute or a measure and one or more underlying columns in a dimension or fact table.

An in-memory structure that uses a compact representation of a set of values from a table in one part of the operator tree to filter rows from a table in another part. The filter improves the performance of parallel query plans by removing non-qualifying rows early. A bitmap filter can be applied after optimization or dynamically during optimization. When applied dynamically, it is called an optimized bitmap filter.

An operation that manipulates a single bit, or tests whether a bit is on or off.

A series of Transact-SQL statements enclosed by BEGIN and END.

A link in a report that jumps to another place within the report.

An operation or expression that can be evaluated only as either true or false.

A program that installs or runs other programs.

1. A location in a program at which execution is halted so that a programmer can examine the program's status, the contents of variables, and so on. 2. A line of code in a Function or Sub procedure at which Microsoft Visual Basic automatically suspends execution.

A function that lets you scan database rows and update their values one row at a time.

A method of placing and locating files in a database that allows both random and sequential access to data.

A map layer that displays variable size circles. Bubbles center on polygon center points or on points.

A block of memory reserved for index and table data pages.

A group of predefined functions provided as part of the Transact-SQL and Multidimensional Expressions languages.

A database recovery mode that minimally logs bulk operations, such as index creation and bulk imports, while fully logging other transactions.

A merge replication feature that allows you to run custom code during the synchronization process.

A column in a table that displays the result of an expression instead of stored data.

A field, defined in a query, that displays the result of an expression instead of stored data.

A member of a dimension whose value is calculated at run time by using an expression.

A Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) logical expression that is used to determine whether a calculation formula will be applied against a cell in a calculation subcube.

A Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) expression used to supply a value for cells in a calculation subcube, subject to the application of a calculation condition.

A stage of calculation in a multidimensional cube in which applicable calculations are evaluated.

The set of multidimensional cube cells that is used to create a calculated cells definition. The set of cells is defined by a combination of MDX set expressions.

A column or set of columns that have a unique value for each row in a table.

Defines the number of instances allowed and/or required of a child entity per parent entity.

An operation that deletes a row that contains a primary key value that is referenced by foreign key columns in existing rows in other tables.

An operation that updates a primary key value that is referenced by foreign key columns in existing rows in other tables.

A column or set of columns that have a unique value for each row in a table.

In data mining, a case is an abstract view of data characterized by attributes and relations to other cases.

In data mining, the element of a case by which the case is referenced within a case set.

In data mining, a set of cases.

The axis for grouping data in a chart, usually the horizontal axis. Exception: in bar charts, the axes are reversed and the y axis displays grouping data.

In a cube, the set of properties, including a value, specified by the intersection when one member is selected from each dimension.

In ADO MD, an object that contains a collection of cells selected from cubes or other cellsets by a multidimensional query.

A digital document that is commonly used for authentication and to help secure information on a network. A certificate binds a public key to an entity that holds the corresponding private key. Certificates are digitally signed by the certification authority that issues them, and they can be issued for a user, a computer, or a service.

A text file that contains SQL statements for all changes made to a database, in the order in which they were made, during an editing session.

A dimension that has a flexible member structure, and is designed to support frequent changes to structure and data.

A method or system of assigning numeric values to characters.

The types of characters that SQL Server recognizes in the char, varchar, and text data types.

A report item on a report layout that displays data in a graphical format.

An event in which the Database Engine writes dirty buffer pages to disk. Each checkpoint writes to disk all the pages that were dirty at the last checkpoint and still have not been written to disk.

A calculated value that is used to test data for the presence of errors that can occur when data is transmitted or when it is written to disk.

A member in the next lower level in a hierarchy that is directly related to the current member.

A table that stores state information for a single application.

In Transact-SQL, a subunit of an SQL statement. A clause begins with a keyword.

A report that displays related report model data when you click data within a rendered Report Builder report.

An application that retrieves data from a server and performs local analysis and presentation of data from relational or multidimensional databases.

A cursor that is implemented on the client. The entire result set is first transferred to the client, and the client API software implements the cursor functionality from this cached result set.

A subscription to a merge publication that uses the priority value of the Publisher for conflict detection and resolution.

See Other Term: common language runtime

A function created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime.

A stored procedure created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime.

A trigger created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime.

A user-defined data type created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime.

An index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table.

A data mining technique that analyzes data to group records together according to their location within the multidimensional attribute space.

A lock that applies to a large amount of code or data.

A mechanism provided by the common language runtime whereby managed code is granted permissions by security policy and these permissions are enforced, helping to limit the operations that the code will be allowed to perform.

For character and Unicode data, a definition of the bit patterns that represent specific letters, numbers, or symbols (such as 0x20 representing a blank space and 0x74 representing the character "t").

The minimum bit combination that can represent a unit of encoded text for processing or exchange.

A set of rules that determines how data is compared, ordered, and presented.

1. An object that contains a set of other objects. 2. In Master Data Services, a hierarchical grouping of members from explicit hierarchies and other collections.

A condition that exists when partitioned tables and indexes are partitioned on equivalent partition functions.

The algorithm that automatically assigns colors to each map element on a map layer.

A type of map legend that is used to interpret what colors represent on a map.

The binding of an Analysis Services object to a column in a data source view.

A character which separates columns from each other in the CSV file being imported/exported.

A filter that restricts columns that are to be included as part of a snapshot, transactional, or merge publication.

Supporting multiple collations in a single instance.

A constraint definition that is specified within a column definition when a table is created or altered.

In transactional replication, a command consists of one Transact-SQL data manipulation language (DML) statement or one data definition language (DDL) statement.

Provides instructions to hardware based on natural-language questions or commands.

An operation that saves all changes to databases, cubes, or dimensions made since the start of a transaction.

The process of saving all the changes made by a transaction to the database.

The engine at the core of managed code execution. The runtime supplies managed code with services such as cross-language integration, code access security, object lifetime management, and debugging and profiling support.

A certain type of expression commonly used in Transact-SQL.

A restore of a full database backup, the most recent differential database backup (if any), and the log backups (if any) taken since the full database backup.

An expression that cannot be represented as a single built-in field reference, and is displayed on the design surface as <<Expr>>.

An object-based programming model designed to promote software interoperability; it allows two or more applications or components to easily cooperate with one another, even if they were written by different vendors, at different times, in different programming languages, or if they are running on different computers running different operating systems. OLE technology and ActiveX are both built on top of COM.

An index that uses more than one column in a table to index data.

A key composed of two or more columns.

A virtual column in a table whose value is computed at run time.

A value in a formatted notification that has been computed by using a Transact-SQL expression.

The combining of two or more character strings or expressions into a single character string or expression, or to combine two or more binary strings or expressions into a single binary string or expression.

A process that allows multiple users to access and change shared data at the same time. SQL Server uses locking to allow multiple users to access and change shared data at the same time without conflicting with each other.

A restore of a full database backup, the most recent differential database backup (if any), and the log backups (if any) taken since the full database backup.

See other term: configuration file

In reference to a single microcomputer, the sum of a system's internal and external components, including memory, disk drives, keyboard, video, and generally less critical add-on hardware, such as a mouse, modem, or printer.

A file that contains machine-readable operating specifications for a piece of hardware or software, or that contains information about another file or about a specific user.

In Integration Services, a name/value pair that updates the value of package objects when the package is loaded.

An interprocess communication (IPC) linkage established between a SQL Server application and an instance of SQL Server.

In Integration Services, a logical representation of a run-time connection to a data source.

In Master Data Services, a member created specifically for use in explicit hierarchies to group leaf or other consolidated members.

A group of symbols that represent a specific data value.

A property assigned to a table column that prevents certain types of invalid data values from being placed in the column.

A control flow element that provides package structure.

The scope in which an expression is evaluated. Scope is determined by the report processor as data and layout elements are combined.

The part of the distributor that turns raw notification data into readable messages.

The changing of the identity against which permissions to execute statements or perform actions are checked.

A tape that is used after the initial tape in a media family fills, allowing continuation of a media family.

A Service Broker object that defines the message types that can be exchanged within a given conversation.

The ordered workflow in an Integration Services package that performs tasks.

A report that summarizes data in user-defined groups or breaks. A new group is triggered when different data is encountered.

Transact-SQL keywords that control the flow of execution oA tape that is used after the initial tape in a media family fills, allowing continuation of a media family.

A Service Broker object that defines the message types that can be exchanged within a given conversation.

The ordered workflow in an Integration Services package that performs tasks.

In Service Broker, a long-running, asynchronous exchange of messages.

The object which represents a party participating in the conversation.

An identifier which uniquely defines a conversation.

A subquery that references a column in the outer statement.

A SQL Server statistic that reports the time, in milliseconds, that the central processing unit (CPU) spent on SQL Server work.

See other term: population

Data used by a principal to establish the identity of the principal, such as a password or user name.

When an object references other objects and the calling and the called objects are owned by the same user across different databases in a single instance of SQL Server.

A set of data that is organized and summarized into a multidimensional structure defined by a set of dimensions and measures.

A collection of users and groups with the same access to a cube.

An entity that maps over a result set and establishes a position on a single row within the result set.

See Other Term: implicit cursor conversion

A part of the ODBC and DB-Library APIs that implements client cursors.

An aggregation calculation that is customized for a dimension level or member, and that overrides the aggregate functions of a cube's measures.

In a role, a specification that limits the dimension members or cube cells that users in the role are permitted to access.

An aggregation calculation that is customized for a dimension level or member and overrides the aggregate functions of a cube's measures.

An object that exchanges data between a data store and a DataSet object.

Any backup that includes the full image of one or more data files.

1. In text, ntext, and image data, a data block is the unit of data transferred at one time between an application and an instance of SQL Server. The term is also applied to the units of storage for these data types. 2. In tape backup files, data block is the unit of physical I/O.

A collection of information that is required to access a specific data source. The collection includes a data source name and logon information.

The subset of SQL statements used to control permissions on database objects.

Data at the Publisher and the Subscriber that matches.

Specifying the attributes, properties, and objects in a database.

The subset of SQL statements that define all attributes and properties of a database and its objects.

A set of system tables, stored in a catalog, that includes definitions of database structures and related information, such as permissions.

The exponential growth in size of a multidimensional structure, such as a cube, due to the storage of aggregated data.

A component in Reporting Services that is used to retrieve report data from an external data source.

A mechanism for users to receive a stream of data from data sources. In Reporting Services, the Atom rendering extension generates data feeds in Atom format from reports.

The ordered workflow in an Integration Services package that extracts, transforms, and loads data.

An engine that executes the data flow in a package.

Encapsulates the data flow engine that moves data between sources and destinations, providing the facility to transform, clean, and modify data as it is moved.

The organization of data that is processed by the report processor: dataset, data region, data region group, details group.

A state in which all the data values stored in the database are correct.

The ordered workflowr>

The subset of SQL statements that is used to retrieve and manipulate data.

A subset of the contents of a data warehouse.

A child member associated with a parent member in a parent-child hierarchy.

The process of analyzing data to identify patterns or relationships.

The process a data mining model uses to estimate model parameters by evaluating a set of known and predictable data.

The smallest individual entity in a chart.

A component in Reporting Services that is used to retrieve report data from an external data source.

The layer of software that handles communication between data extensions and customized software specific to each type of external data source. Depending on the specific data source, multiple data providers are available from Microsoft and from third-party vendors.

A report item that displays repeated rows of data from an underlying dataset in a table, matrix, list, or chart.

Part of the process of building a data warehouse out of data coming from multiple online transaction processing (OLTP) systems.

1. In ADO and OLE DB, the location of a source of data exposed by an OLE DB provider. 2. The source of data for an object such as a cube or dimension. It is also the specification of the information necessary to access source data. It sometimes refers to object of ClassType clsDataSource. 3. In Reporting Services, a specified data source type, connection string, and credentials, which can be saved separately to a report server and shared among report projects or embedded in a report definition (.rdl) file.

In a report, the name of the data source object.

A named selection of database objects that defines the schema referenced by OLAP and data mining objects in an Analysis Services databases.

An attribute that specifies what type of information can be stored in a column, parameter, or variable.

A database specifically structured for query and analysis.

A collection of information, tables, and other objects organized and presented to serve a specific purpose, such as searching, sorting, and recombining data.

A backup of every data file in a database.

The part of a database that contains the definition of all the objects in the database, as well as the definition of the database.

A graphical representation of the objects in a database.

One of the physical files that make up a database.

The language used for accessing, querying, updating, and managing data in relational database systems.

The process of immediately reproducing every update to a read/write database (the principal database) onto a read-only mirror of that database (the mirror database) that resides on a separate instance of the Database Engine (the mirror server).

Two server instances that act as role-switching partners for a mirrored database.

A database component in a database. Can also refer to the database itself.

The member of the database administrator role of a database.

A collection of one or more data connections (a database and the information needed to access that database).

A collection of users and groups with the same access to an Analysis Services database.

The names of tables, fields, data types, and primary and foreign keys of a database. Also known as the database structure.

A collection of statements used to create database objects.

A read-only, static view of a database.

An SQL query that contains data definition language (DDL) statements.

A subscription in Reporting Services that uses a query to retrieve subscription data from an external data source at run time.

A stream of data that is returned by an ADO.NET query.

1. In OLE DB for OLAP, the set of multidimensional data that is the result of running a Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) SELECT statement. 2. In Reporting Services, a named specification that includes a data source definition, a query definition and optional parameter values, calculated fields, and filtering and collation information as part of a report definition (.rdl) file. An .rdl file can have multiple datasets.

double-byte character set

See Other Term: database owner

See Other Term: data definition language

A trigger that fires in response to data definition language (DDL) statements.

A situation when two users, each having a lock on one piece of data, attempt to acquire a lock on the other's piece.

Systems designed to support the complex analytic analysis required to discover business trends.

A treelike model of data produced by certain data mining methods.

1. A data value, option setting, collation, or name assigned automatically by the system if a user does not specify the value, setting, collation, or name. 2. An action taken automatically at certain events if a user has not specified the action to take.

The database the user is connected to immediately after logging in to SQL Server.

The instance of SQL Server that uses the same name as the computer name on which it is installed.

The dimension member used in a query when no member is specified for the dimension.

The removal of a server from multiserver operations.

A transaction that is not committed when the roll forward phase of recovery finishes, and that cannot be rolled back during database startup because the data required by rollback is offline.

An object in a database that requires the use of special characters (delimiters) because the object name does not comply with the formatting rules of regular identifiers.

1. In Transact-SQL, characters that indicate the start and end of an object name, by using either double quotation marks ("") or brackets ([]). 2. In Integration Services and Reporting Services, characters that are used to separate records, fields, or strings.

A pipeline between a Distributor and a delivery service.

The protocol for a delivery channel, such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) or File.

A component in Reporting Services that is used to distribute a report to specific devices or target locations.

The set of communication rules used to route notification messages to external delivery systems.

To introduce redundancy into a table to incorporate data from a related table.

1. In an index, the frequency of duplicate values. 2. In a data file, a percentage that indicates how full a data page is. 3. In Analysis Services, the percentage of cells that contain data in a multidimensional structure.

Objects that depend on other objects in the same database.

On a report server, a report catalog item to which other items contain a reference. For example, when a report definition contains a reference to a shared data source, the data source is a dependent item.

A transformation that creates new column values by applying expressions to transformation input columns.

In Master Data Services, a hierarchy that is derived from the domain-based attribute relationships that already exist between entities in a model.

In Master Data Services, a hierarchy in which the levels from an explicit hierarchy are used as the top levels of a derived hierarchy.

A member in a dimension hierarchy that is related to a member of a higher level within the same dimension.

An Integration Services data flow component that writes the data from the data flow into a data source or creates an in-memory dataset.

A data flow component that loads data into a data store.

A user-defined description of a particular device, used in conjunction with the Subscriber ID to identify a specific Subscriber device.

A value from a developer-defined list that specifies the types of devices that a given application will support.

A character that is attached to or that overlays a preceding base character, such as a mark placed over, under, or through a Latin-based character to indicate a change in phonetic value compared to the unmarked state.

In Service Broker, a conversation that sends messages from one service to another service.

A backup containing only changes made to the database since the preceding data backup on which the differential backup is based.

The most recent full backup of all the data in a database or in a subset of the files or filegroups of a database.

A structural attribute of a cube, which is an organized hierarchy of categories (levels) that describe data in the fact table.

The lowest level available to a particular dimension in relation to a particular measure group.

A table in a data warehouse whose entries describe data in a fact table. Dimension tables contain the data from which dimensions are created.

The state of being connected to a back-end database, so that any changes you make to a database diagram automatically update your database when you save the diagram or selected items in it.

The default mode in which SQL Server statistics are gathered separately from the SQL Server Statistics display.

A buffer page that contains modifications that have not been written to disk.

Reads that contain uncommitted data.

A column that represents finite, counted data.

A type of map legend that displays distance units for the current resolution of the map data.

To move transactions or snapshots of data from the Publisher to Subscribers, where they are applied to the destination tables in the subscription databases.

A view that joins horizontally partitioned data from a set of member tables that exist across more than one server. The data appears as if it is in one table.

A single query that accesses data from multiple data sources.

A transaction that spans multiple data sources.

In a map layer, the algorithm to use to divide analytical values into subranges. Range intervals can be calculated to provide equally spaced intervals between the start and end value (EqualInterval), or be set to values so that an equal number of items is in each range interval (EqualDistribution).

A database on the Distributor that stores metadata and history data for all types of replication and transactions for transactional replication.

In transactional replication, the amount of time transactions are stored in the distribution database. Also referred to as the transaction retention period.

A database instance that acts as a store for replication specific data associated with one or more Publishers.

See Other Term: data manipulation language

A stored procedure that executes when data in a specified table is modified.

See Other Term: dynamic management view

A navigation pane in a report arranged in a hierarchy of links to report sections and groups.

1. In Windows security, a collection of computers grouped for viewing and administrative purposes that share a common security database. 2. In relational databases, the set of valid values allowed in a column.

The validity of entries for a specific column.

A character encoding in which the code points can be either 1 or 2 bytes.

An article in a merge publication that can be updated only at the Publisher or at a Subscriber that uses a server subscription.

To navigate through levels of data ranging from the most summarized (up) to the most detailed (down).

1. In Analysis Services, to retrieve the detailed data from which the data in a cube cell was summarized. 2. In Reporting Services, to open related reports by clicking hyperlinks in the main drillthrough report.

A technique for navigating through levels of data ranging from the most summarized (up) to the most detailed (down). Created by adding toggles (plus and minus signs) to show and hide levels of the hierarchy of a table or matrix.

1. In Analysis Services, a technique to retrieve the detailed data from which the data in a cube cell was summarized. 2. In Reporting Services, a way to open related reports by clicking hyperlinks in the main drillthrough report.

A drillthrough report is the report that opens as the result of a drillthrough action on a report item in another report. The drillthrough report is usually related to the main, or summary, report through data. A common example of a drillthrough report might be a Monthly Sales report that contains links to individual sales orders for that month.

See Other Term: data source name

A type of data connection that is created based on information in a data source name (DSN), but is stored as part of a project or application.

See backup device.

An expression that you build into the report, allowing the user to select which data source to use at run time. You must build the expression and data source selection list into the report when you create it in Report Designer.

A cursor that can reflect data modifications made to the underlying data while the cursor is open.

See Other Term: parameterized row filter

The process used by SQL Server to determine the most cost-effective locks to use at any one time.

A set of built-in views that return server state information about values, objects, and settings in SQL Server.

The process that detects and/or attempts to correct software failure or loss of data integrity within a relational database management system (RDBMS).

See Other Term: partitioned snapshot

In Embedded SQL for C, an SQL statement built and executed at run time.

A temporary container that is created on the report server and used by a client application such as Report Builder. The edit session enables the reuse of report data across multiple previews of reports in Report Builder.

The set of enabled policies for a target.

An embedded data source is an XML element that represents a data connection and is included in and used by a single report definition.

A report dataset and is included in a single report definition or a single report part definition.

A method for keeping sensitive information confidential by changing data into an unreadable form.

1. In Reporting Services, an entity is a logical collection of model items, including source fields, roles, folders, and expressions, presented in familiar business terms. 2. In Master Data Services, an entity is an object within a model. Each entity contains related members that are defined by attributes.

A state in which every row of every table can be uniquely identified.

A fixed set of integer values or string constants that may be used to specify the value of certain properties.

A join in which the values in the columns being joined are compared for equality, and all columns are included in the results.

In a map report item, a very simple equidistant cylindrical projection in which the horizontal coordinate is the longitude and the vertical coordinate is the latitude.

1. In SQL Server, a text file that records system information. 2. In Integration Services, a record of errors, warnings or events, which can be stored by multiple log providers, including SQL Server Profiler, the Windows Event log, and SQL Server.

A number associated with SQL Server messages that helps Microsoft support engineers find the specific code location that issued the message.

A character used to indicate umns are included in the results.

Open specification developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) for spatial data.

Open specification developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) for spatial data.

Extraction, transformation, and loading. The complex process of copying and cleaning data from heterogeneous sources.

Any significant occurrence in the system or an application that requires users to be notified or an entry to be added to a log.

A table that stores event state information.

One or more Transact-SQL statements that manage the data in the event chronicle.

1. A single class defined by one EventClass node in an application definition file. 2. In SQL Trace, a collection of properties that define an event.

System-generated stored procedures that an application can call to submit events to the event table in the application database.

1. A software routine that executes in response to an event. 2. In Integration Services, a control flow that runs in response to a run-time event.

A special kind of trigger that sends information about database events to a service broker.

A component that collects event data from one or more event sources and submits the events to the event tables in the application database.

An SQL-annotated XML Schema definition language (XSD) schema that maps event data to an event schema defined in the application definition file. Used by the EventLoader class.

The point of origin of an event.

A table in the application database that stores event data.

A lock that prevents any other transaction from acquiring a lock on a resource until the original lock on the resource is released at the end of the transaction.

In Integration Services, a package, Foreach Loop, For Loop, Sequence, or task.

The path of data in the data flow of a SQL Server 2005 Integration Services package from sources through transformations to destinations.

In Master Data Services, a hierarchy that uses consolidated members to group other consolidated and leaf members.

A group of SQL statements enclosed within transaction delimiters that define both the start and end of the transaction.

1. In SQL, a combination of symbols and operators that evaluate to a single data value. 2. In Integration Services, a combination of literals, constants, functions, and operators that evaluate to a single data value.

All expressions found within a report are that are compiled into an assembly. The expression host assembly is stored as a part of the compiled report.

User-defined text (descriptive or instructional including input masks and formatting rules) specific to a database or database object. The text is stored in the database as a property of the database or object.

A function in a dynamic link library (DLL) that is coded using the SQL Server Extended Stored Procedure API. The function can then be invoked from Transact-SQL using the same statements that are used to execute Transact-SQL stored procedures.

An XML vocabulary that is used to transform XML data to another form, such as HTML, by means of a style sheet that defines presentation rules.

Evolved from the early Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) standard. XSL specifies a language definition for XML data presentation and data transformations. Data presentation means displaying data in some format and/or medium, and concerns style. Data transformation refers to parsing an input XML document into a tree of nodes, and then converting the source tree into a result tree. Transformation concerns data exchange.

The unit of space allocated to a SQL Server object, such as a table or index, whenever the object needs more space.

A system, such as Microsoft Exchange Server, that delivers formatted notifications to destination devices.

A row in a fact table in a data warehouse. A fact contains values that define a data event such as a sales transaction.

A relationship between a dimension and a memations. Data presentation means displaying data in some format and/or medium, and concerns style. Data transformation refers to parsing an input XML document into a tree of nodes, and then converting the source tree into a result tree. Transformation concerns data exchange.

A central table in a data warehouse schema that contains numerical measures and keys relating facts to dimension tables.

A transaction that encountered an error and was not able to complete.

A network of two or more interconnected servers that redirects an overloaded or failed resource to maintain system availability.

A user who receives the alert if the designated operator cannot be reached.

A set of linked servers that shares the processing load of data by hosting partitions of a distributed partitioned view.

An operation that retrieves a row or block of rows from a cursor.

A situation where an instance of SQL Server allocates one Windows thread per SQL scheduler, and then allocates one fiber per worker thread, up to the value set in the max worker threads option.

1. An area in a window or record that stores a single data value. 2. In Report Builder, dataset fields represent either numeric or non-numeric data from a data connection. For example, sales amounts, total sales, customer names, database identifiers, URLs, images, and spatial data. A report can have three types of fields: dataset fields, dataset calculated fields, and built-in fields.

In bulk copy, the maximum number of characters needed to represent a data item in a bulk copy character format data file.

In bulk copy, one or more characters marking the end of a field or row, separating one field or row in the data file from the next.

In Integration Services, a logical representation of a connection that enables a package to reference an existing file or folder, or to create a file or folder at run time.

A backup of one or more files containing only changes made to each file since its most recent file backup.

File Data Source Names. File-based data sources shared among all users with the same drivers installed. These data sources are not dedicated to a user or local to a computer.

The association of a file's contents with a portion of the virtual address space of a process.

An operation that restores one or more files of a database.

An option that causes SQL Server to close the current file and create a new file when the maximum file size is reached.

Defines the storage format used in the data file that transfers data from a bulk copy out operation to a bulk copy in operation.

In SQL Server, a named collection of one or more data files that forms a single unit of data allocation or for administration of a database.

An object that maintains the association of a file's contents with a portion of the virtual address space of a process.

An attribute of an index that defines how full the SQL Server Database Engine should make each page of the index.

1. A set of criteria that controls the set of records returned as a result set. 2. In Full-Text Search, given a specified file extension, filters extract text from a file stored in a varbinary(max) or image column.

An expression used for filtering data in the Filter operator.

1. To restrict data based upon criteria set in the WHERE clause of an SQL statement.

A lock that applies to a small amount of code or data.

A predefined role that exists in each database. The scope of the role is limited to the database in which it is defined.

A predefined role that exists at the server level. The scope of the role is limited to the SQL Server instance in which it is defined.

A file consisting of records of a single record type, in which there is no embedded structure information governing relationships between records.

An interface created to combine members of multiple interfaces.

A multidimensional data set presented as a two-dimensional rowset in which unique combinations of elements of multiple dimensions are combined on an axis.

A bounded namespace that uniquely identifies all reports, folders, shared data source items, and resources that are stored in and managed by a report server.

In Integration Services, a container that runs a control flow repeatedly by testing a condition.

In a database mirroring session, a failover initiated by the database owner upon the failure of the principal server that transfers service to the mirror database while it is in an unknown state.

In Integration Services, a container that runs a control flow repeatedly by using an enumerator.

The column or combination of columns whose values match the primary key (PK) or unique key in the same or another table. Also referred to as the referencing key.

A table that contains a foreign key.

A file containing meta information (such as data type and column size) that is used to interpret data when being read from or written to a data file.

A cursor that cannot be scrolled; rows can be read only in sequence from the first row to the last row.

A difference between the physical and logical ordering of index data that can occur when data modifications are made.

A backup of an entire database.

A backup of all files in the database, containing only changes made to the database since the most recent full backup.

A type of outer join in which all rows in all joined tables are included, whether they are matched or not.

A database recovery mode that fully logs all transactions and retains all the log records until after they are backed up.

Stores all of the full-text indexes for tables within a database.

The portion of a full-text catalog that stores all of the full-text words and their locations for a given table.

As a SELECT statement, a query that searches for words, phrases, or multiple forms of a word or phrase in the character-based columns (of char, varchar, text, ntext, nchar, or nvarchar data types). The SELECT statn">A type of outer join in which all rows in all joined tables are included, whether they are matched or not.

A database recovery mode that fully logs all transactions and retains aement returns those rows meeting the search criteria.

A search for one or more documents, records, or strings based on all of the actual text data rather than on an index containing a limited set of keywords.

The SQL Server component that performs the full-text querying.

Characters of East Asian character sets whose glyph image extends across the entire character display cell. In legacy character sets, full-width characters are normally encoded in two or three bytes.

A piece of code that operates as a single logical unit. A function is called by name, accepts optional input parameters, and returns a status and optional output parameters.

In Integration Services, a data cleaning methodology that examines values in a dataset and identifies groups of related data rows and the one data row that is the canonical representation of the group.

See Other Term: global assembly cache

The process of transitively tracing through all pointers to actively used objects to locate all objects that can be referenced, and then arranging to reuse any heap memory that was not found during this trace.

1. In the Microsoft .NET Framework, manages the allocation and release of memory for a .NET application. 2. Part of the operating system that performs garbage collection.

See Other Term: garbage collector

Data that specifies points, lines, or areas on a curved surface.

A SQL Server spatial data type that represents data in a round-earth coordinate system, such as GPS latitude and longitude coordinates.

A SQL Server spatial data type that supports planar, or Euclidean (flat-earth), data.

Row in the leaf level of an index that has been marked for deletion, but has not yet been deleted by the database engine.

See Other Term: ghost record

A machine-wide code cache that stores assemblies specifically installed to be shared by many applications on the computer.

A default that is defined for a specific database and is shared by columns of different tables.

A rule that is defined for a specific database and is shared by columns of different tables.

See Other Term: server subscription

To apply permissions to a user account, which allows the account to perform an activity or work with data.

The degree of specificity of information that is contained in a data element.

The single attribute is used to specify the level of granularity for a given dimension in relation to a given measure group.

A view type that displays data in a table.

A set of data that is grouped together in a report.

Characters whose glyph image occupies half of the character display cell.

To put string or character literals in the main body of code, instead of in external resource files.

A type of map presentation where the intensity of color for each polygon corresponds to the related analytical data. For example, low values in a range appear as blue (cold) and high values as red (hot).

Consisting of dissimilar elements or parts (AHD).

Data stored in multiple formats.

A logical tree structure that organizes the members of a dimension such that each member has one parent member and zero or more child members.

Status of a resource that remains operational and usable by clients most of the time with a very low percentage of failures that interrupt service.

Abbreviation for "heap or B-tree, used to indicate the table structure when the index configuration could be either type. HoBT is often used when describing locks.

In Analysis Services, a percentage of training data that is reserved for use in measuring the accuracy of the structure of the data mining model.

Data that comes from multipl

A logical tree structure that organizes the members of a dimension such that each member has one parent member and zero or more child members.

Status of a resource that remains operational and usable by clients most of the time with a very low percentage of failures that interrupt service.

In data communications, one segment of the path between routers on a geographically dispersed network. The distance between each of those routers is a communications hop.

To segment a single table into multiple tables based on selected rows.

A standby server that can support rapid failover without a loss of data from committed transactions.

See Other Term: Hypertext Markup Language

A user interface consisting of a report toolbar and other navigation elements used to work with a report.

A storage mode that uses a combination of multidimensional data structures and relational database tables to store multidimensional data.

A text markup language used to create documents for the Web. HTML defines the structure and layout of a web document by using a variety of tags and attributes.

See Other Term: Index Allocation Map

The name of an object in a database.

A field or group of fields that identify an entity as a unique object.

A column in a table that has been assigned the identity property.

A property that generates values that uniquely identify each row in a table.

A column in a table that has been assigned the identity property.

A character in an Asian writing system that represents a concept or an idea, but not a particular word or pronunciation.

A SQL Server Agent condition that defines how much CPU usage by the SQL Server Database Engine constitutes an idle state.

One of two international standards bodies responsible for developing international data communications standards. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) works closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to define standards of computing. They jointly published the ISO/IEC SQL-92 standard for SQL.

An option available with snapshot replication and transactional replication that allows data modifications to be made to replicated data at the Subscriber. The data modifications are then immediately propagated to the Publisher using two-phase commit protocol (2PC).

A subscription to a transactional publication for which the user is able to make data modifications at the Subscriber. The data modifications are then immediately propagated to the Publisher using the two-phase commit protocol (2PC).

The return of a different type of cursor than the user had declared.

A connection option in which each SQL statement executed by the connection is considered a separate transaction.

Permission to perform an activity specific to a role.

A nonclustered index containing both key and nonkey columns.

The set of operations that either adds new members to an existing cube or dimension, or adds new data to a partition.

In a relational database, a database object that provides fast access to data in the rows of a table, based on key values.

A page that maps the extents in a 4-GB part of a database file that is used by an allocation unit.

A nonclustered index containing both key and nonkey columns.

To look up rows of a single table by using several indexes, followed by producing the result (by combining the partial results).

A database page containing index rows.

A view that has a unique clustered index applied on it to improve the performance of some types of queries.

A type of security threat in which a malicious user is able to derive the value of data without actually accessing it, for example by monitoring the response time to a query.

An object-oriented schema that defines metadata constructs used to specify the structure and behavior of an application, process, component, or software artifact.

Files that include schema and data, constraints, extended properties, indexes, triggers, and system tables that are necessary for replication.

The first synchronization for a subscription, during which system tables and other objects that are required by replication, and the schema and data for each article, are copied to the Subscriber.

In a media set using tape backup devices, the first tape in a media family.

An aggregate function that is specified as a scope parameter by another aggregate. For example, in =Max(Sum([Quantity]),"Tablix1"), Sum is the inner aggregate.

An operation that retrieves rows from multiple source tables by comparing the values from columns shared between the source tables. An inner join excludes rows from a source table that have no matching rows in the other source tables.

A member whose value is loaded directly from the data source instead of being calculated from other data.

The set of data provided to a Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) value expression upon which the expression operates.

Any table, view, or schema diagram used as an information source for a query.

A cursor that does not reflect data modification made to the underlying data by other users while the cursor is open.

1. A copy of SQL Server running on a computer. 2. A specific copy of a report item, such as a report part, subreport, dynamic member, or group.

A numeric data type category that includes the bigint, int, smallint, and tinyint data types.

A property defined on a table that prevents data modifications that would create invalid data.

A lock that is placed on one level of a resource hierarchy to protect shared or exclusive locks on lower-level resources.

An interactive command prompt utility provided with SQL Server that lets users run Transact-SQL statements or batches from a server or workstation and view the results that are returned.

A defined set of properties, methods, and collections that form a logical grouping of behaviors and data.

Itd>

A property defined on a table that prevents data modifications that would create invalid data.f an interface implies another interface, then any class that implements the first interface must also implement the second interface. Interface implication is used in an information model to get some of the effects of multiple inheritance.

A more compact form of an object identifier in a repository.

One of two international standards bodies responsible for developing international data communications standards. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) works closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to define standards of computing. They jointly published the ISO/IEC SQL-92 standard for SQL.

One of two international standards bodies responsible for developing international data communications standards. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to define standards of computing. They jointly published the ISO/IEC SQL-92 standard for SQL.

Rules that computers follow to provide private and secure communication over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, through the use of cryptographic security services.

A publication setting that enables replication to Internet Subscribers.

A mechanism through which operating system processes and threads exchange data and messages.

See Other Term: Internet Protocol security

One of two international standards bodies responsible for developing international data communications standards. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to define standards of computing. They jointly published the ISO/IEC SQL-92 standard for SQL.

The property of a transaction that controls the degree to which data is isolated for use by one process, and is guarded against interference from other processes. Setting the isolation level defines the default locking behavior for all SELECT statements in your SQL Server session.

A security policy that applies to an item in the report server folder.

A security template that defines a role used to control access to or interaction with an item in the report server folder namespace.

A specified series of operations, called steps, performed sequentially by SQL Server Agent.

To combine the contents of two or more tables and produce a result set that incorporates rows and columns from each table.

A column referenced in a join condition.

A comparison clause that specifies how tables are related by their join columns.

A filter used in merge replication that extends the row filter of one table to a related table.

A comparison operator in a join condition that determines how the two sides of the condition are evaluated and which rows are returned.

A series of joins indicating how two tables are related.

A table that establishes a relationship between other tables.

1. In SQL Server, a subset of the storage engine that is referenced in some error messages. 2. In Windows, the core of the operating system that performs basic operations.

A column or group of columns that uniquely identifies a row (primary key), defines the relationship between two tables (foreign key), or is used to build an index.

The attribute of a dimension that links the non-key attributes in the dimension to related measures.

1. In an Analysis Services dimension, an attribute property that uniquely identifies the attribute members. 2. In an Analysis Services mining model, a data mining column that uniquely identifies each case in a case table.

(KPI) A quantifiable, standardized metric that reflects a critical business variable (for instance, market share), measured over time.

A lock that is used to lock ranges between records in a table to prevent phantom additions to, or deletions from, a set of records. Ensures serializable transactions.

A cursor that shows the effects of updates made to its member rows by other users while the cursor is open, but does not show the effects of inserts or deletes.

A reserved word in Sntifies the attribute members. 2. In an Analysis Services mining model, a data mining column that uniquely identifies each case in a case table.

(KPI) A quantifiable, standardized metric that reflects a critical business variable (for instance, market share), measured over time.

A lock that is used to lock ranges between recoQL Server that performs a specific function, such as to define, manipulate, or access database objects. For example: SELECT, FROM, and AND.

See Other Term: key performance indicator

A report dataset field that identifies a label for a corresponding key field. Parameters and data regions can display the label for a key field instead of the value.

A short-timed lock of an object.

The amount of time that elapses when a data change is completed at one server and when that change appears at another server.

The latitude coordinate as a decimal degree value in World Geodetic System (WGS 84) datum. Valid range is from –90.0 through +90.0.

In a map report item, a layer specifies type and presentation of a single type of spatial data. A map report item is a container for multiple layers.

A number that identifies a Windows-based locale.

The first byte of a 2-byte code point in a double-byte code page.

In a tree structure, an element that has no subordinate elements.

The bottom level of a clustered or nonclustered index.

A dimension member without descendants.

A type of outer join in which all rows from the left-most table in the JOIN clause are included.

In a report chart, map, or gauge data region, an element that provides a guide between the display presentation of data and the underlying data values.

The name of a set of members in a dimension hierarchy such that all members of the set are at the same distance from the root of the hierarchy.

In Analysis Services, a folder that contains shared objects, such as shared dimensions, that can be used by multiple objects within a database.

In Analysis Services, a chart that compares the accuracy of the predictions of each data mining model in the comparison set.

In a map report item, a layer that displays spatial data as lines, for example, for paths or routes.

Functionality provided by the Win32 API for Unicode simple case mapping of Turkic and other locales.

In Analysis Services, a reference in a cube to a dimension in a different cube.

In Analysis Services, a reference in a cube to a measure group in a different cube.

A report that references an existing report definition by using a different set of parameter values or properties. A linked report is a report server item that provides an access point to an existing report. Conceptually, it is similar to a program shortcut that you use to run a program or open a file.

A definition of an OLE DB data source used by SQL Server distributed queries. The linked server definition specifies the OLE DB provider required to access the data, and includes enough addressing information for the OLE DB provider to connect to the data. Any rowsets exposed by the OLE DB data source can then be referenced as tables, called linked tables, in SQL Server distributed queries.

An OLE DB rowset exposed by an OLE DB data source that has been defined as a linked server for use in SQL Server distributed queries.

A table that has associations with two other tables, and is used indirectly as an association between those two tables.

A data region on a report layout that repeats with each group or row in the report dataset. A list can be used to create free-form reports or forms, such as invoices, or in conjunction with other data regions.

A cube created and stored with the extension .cub on a local computer using PivotTable Service.

A server that is configured as both a Publisher and a Distributor for SQL Server Replication.

A group in Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 containing user accounts and global groups from the domain group in which they are created and any trusted domain.

The identification (ID) a user must use to log in to a local server.

A view that joins horizontally partitioned data from a set of member tables across a single server, making the data appear as if from one table.

1. In SQL Server connections, an instance of SQL Server running on the same computer as the application. 2. In a Transact-SQL statement, when resolving references to database objects, the instance of SQL Server executing the statement. 3. In SQL Server distributed queries, the instance of SQL Server executing the distributed query. The local server then accesses any linked servers referenced in the query.

See Other Term: client subscription

A user-defined variable that has an assigned value.

The Windows operating system attribute that defines certain behaviors related to language.

A number that identifies a Windows-based locale.

A view that joins horizontally partitioned data from a set of member tables across a single server, making the data appear as if from one table.

A restriction on access to a resource in a multiuser environment.

The process of converting many fine-grain locks into fewer coarse-grain locks.

A backup of transaction logs that includes all log records that were not backed up in previous log backups.

A continuous sequence of transaction logs for a database.

A file or set of files that contain records of the modifications made in a database.

A provider that logs package information at run time.

In Replication, the executable that monitors the transaction of each database configured for transactional replication, and copies the transactions marked for replication from the transaction into the distribution database.

A unique number assigned to each entry in a transaction log.

The process of copying, at regular intervals, log backup from a read-write database (the primary database) to one or more remote server instances (secondary servers).

A configuration of servers that includes one primary server, one or more secondary servers (each with a secondary database), and a monitor server.

A job that performs one of the following log shipping operations: backing up the transaction log of the primary database at the primary server (the backup job), copying the transaction log file to a secondary server (the copy job), or restoring the log backup to the secondary database on a secondary sa name="log_sequence_number">A unique number assigned to each entry in a transaction log.erver (the restore job). The backup job resides on the primary server. The copy and restore jobs reside on each of the secondary servers.

A name used by SQL Server to identify a file.

The operators AND, OR, and NOT. Used to connect search conditions in WHERE clauses.

A merge replication feature that allows you to define a relationship between related rows in different tables so that the rows are processed as a unit.

A security mode that determines the manner in which an instance of SQL Server validates a login request.

A coordinate as a decimal degree value in World Geodetic System (WGS 84) datum. Valid range is from –180.0 through +180.0.

In Integration Services, a reference table for comparing, matching, or extracting data.

A unique number assigned to each entry in a transaction log.

Stores connection information for a database in the system registry.

1. Code that runs within the common language runtime (CLR). Also referred to as safe code.

In a database mirroring session, a failover initiated by the database owner, while the principal server is still running, that transfers service from the principal database to the mirror database while they are in a synchronized state.

A relationship between a dimension and a measure group in which a single fact may be associated with many dimension members and a single dimension member may be associated with a many facts.

A relationship between two tables in which rows in each table have multiple matching rows in the related table. For example, each sales invoice can contain multiple products, but each product can appear on multiple sales invoices.

A relationship between two tables in which one row in one table can relate to many rows in another table.

A report item that is a container for titles, various types of legends, and map layers.

Map data consists of polygons, lines, points, and Bing map tiles. Map data can be embedded in a report or imported from ESRI shapefiles (.shp), SQL Server spatial data queries, or a Web service that returns images as Microsoft Bing map tiles.

The area of the map to display in the map report item. For example, a map for the entire United States might be embedded in a report, but only the area for the northwestern states are displayed.

The symbol that is displayed on a map point layer at each point location.

The system database that records all the system-level information for an instance of SQL Server.

The file installed with earlier versions of SQL Server used to store the master, model, and tempdb system databases and transaction logs and the pubs sample database and transaction log.

A server that distributes jobs and receives events from multiple servers.

A set of fields that are used to build a relationship between analytical data and spatial data.

A data region on a report layout that provides functionality similar to crosstabs and PivotTable reports. At run time, as the report data and data regions are combined, a matrix grows horizontally and vertically on the page. Values in matrix cells display aggregate values scoped to the intersection of the row and column groups to which the cell belongs.

A mixed-width character set, in which some characters consist of more than 1 byte. An MBCS is used in languages such as Japanese, Chinese, and Korean, where the 256 possible values of a single-byte character set are not sufficient to represent all possible characters.

See Other Term: Microsoft Data Access Components

See Other Term: Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)

In a cube, a set of values that are usually numeric and are based on a column in the fact table of the cube. Measures are the central values that are aggregated and analyzed.

All the measures in a cube that derive from a single fact table in a data source view.

A label that provides information about the backup media.

An ordered collection of backup media written to by one or more backup operations using a constant number of backharacters.

See Other Term: Microsoft Data Access Components

See Other Term: Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)

In a cube, a set of values that are usually numeric and are based on a column in the fact table of the cube. Measures are the central values that are aggregated and analyzed.

All the measures in a cube that derive fromup devices.

1. An item in a dimension representing one or more occurrences of data. 2. In Master Data Services, the physical representation of master data, such as a customer or a bike.

A modeling concept that describes how interface members are mapped from one interface to another.

Information about an attribute member, for example the gender of a customer member or the color of a product member.

A type of column that contains long strings, typically more than 255 characters.

In a map report item, a cylindrical map projection devised by Gerardus Mercator in 1569.

A type of replication that allows sites to make autonomous changes to replicated data, and at a later time, merge changes and resolve conflicts when necessary.

An asynchronous messaging framework distributed with Windows Server.

Specifies the name of the message and the type of validation Service Broker performs on incoming messages of that type.

Information about the properties of data, such as the type of data in a column (numeric, text, and so on) or the length of a column; information about a file, such as its title, description, date created, and date last modified; or information about the structure of data or information that specifies the design of objects such as cubes or dimensions.

A function that performs an action by using a COM object, as in SQL-DMO, OLE DB, and ActiveX Data Objects (ADO).

Consists of ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), the Remote Data Service (RDS), Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), ODBC drivers for Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access and other desktop databases, as well as Oracle databases.

The file format of an image, such as .bmp, .gif, or .jpeg.

An object that contains the definition of a data mining process and the results of the training activity.

A data mining object that defines the data domain from which the mining models are built.

In a database mirroring session, the copy of the database that is typically fully synchronized with the principal database.

In a database mirroring configuration, the server instance on which the mirror database resides.

A media set that contains two to four identical copies (mirrors) of each media family.

The process that helps protect against the loss of data caused by disk failure by maintaining a fully redundant copy of data on a separate disk.

See Other Term: login security mode

In Master Data Services, a container for model objects.

A database installed with SQL Server that provides the template for new user databases.

A relationship between two or more models in which one model is dependent on the information of another model.

A group of objects in a project. You can move objects between modules in a project, thus organizing those objects for a dispersed development environment.

An arithmetic operator that provides the integer remainder after a division involving two integers.

In a log shipping configuration, a server instance on which every log shipping job in the configuration records its history and status.

A differential backup that includes files that were last backed up in distinct base backups.

A character encoding in which the code points can be 1, 2, or more bytes.

A method for delivering notifications that formats a notification once and sends the resulting message to multiple subscribers.

A syntax used for defining multidimensional objects and querying and manipulating multidimensional data.

A storage mode that uses a proprietary multidimensional structure to store a partition's facts and aggregations or a dimension.

A database paradigm that treats data as cubes that contain dimensions and measures in cells.

A modeling term that describes how an interface receives the characteristics of more than one parent interface.

Multiple copies of SQL Server running on the same computer.

The process of automating administration across multiple instances of SQL Server.

An application that creates multiple threads within a single process to service multiple user requests at the same time.

The ability of a computer to support many users operating at the same time, while providing the computer system's full range of capabilities to each user.

An installation of SQL Server that is given a name to differentiate it from other named instances and from the default instance on the same computer.

An interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism that SQL Server uses to provide communication between clients and servers.

In a report expression the calls an aggregate function, a value for the scope parameter that is the name of a dataset, data region, or data region group.

A set of dimension members or a set expression that is created for reuse, for example, in Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) queries.

A naming convention that identifies the destination objects of that relationship by name.

Bulk copy data files in which the data is stored using the same internal data structures SQL Server uses to store data in SQL Server databases.

A hierarchy in which at every level there is a one-to-many relationship between members in that level and members in the next lower level.

An expression that contains an aggregate function that calls another aggregate function.

A SELECT statement that contains one or more subqueries, or another term for subquery.

A data mining model configuration in which a column of a table contains a table.

Placing one data region inside another data region, such as a sparkline inside a table. Nested data regions are based on the same report dataset, and the scope for data in the nested data region is automatically defined by its placement in the parent data region.

A SQL Server communications component that isolates level.

An expression that contains an aggregate function that calls another aggregate function.

A SELECT statement that contains one or more subqueries, or another term for subquery.

A data mining model configuration in which a column of a table contains a table.

Placing one data region inside another data region, such as a sparkline inside a table. Nested data regions are based on the same report dataset, and the scope for data in the nested data region is automatically defined by its placement in the parent data region.

A SQL Server communications component that iso the SQL Server client software and the Database Engine from the network APIs.

When used with merge replication system tables, a name for another Subscriber that is known to already have a specified generation of updated data.

Functions that do not have any input parameters.

A word that does not participate in a full-text query search, such as "a", "and", and "the".

An index in which the logical order of the index key values is different than the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table.

A column in a nonclustered index that does not participate as a key column. Instead, the column is stored in the leaf-level of the index and is used in conjunction with the key columns to cover one or more queries.

In a tree structure, an element that has one or more subordinate elements. In Analysis Services, a dimension member that has one or more descendants. In SQL Server indexes, an intermediate index node that points to other intermediate nodes or leaf nodes.

A member with one or more descendants.

A parameter which cannot take a NULL value.

An inconsistency that occurs when a transaction reads the same row more than once, and a separate transaction modifies that row between reads.

A Microsoft Clustering algorithm method that uses a probabilistic method to determine the probability that a data point exists in a cluster.

A Microsoft Clustering algorithm method that uses a distance measure to assign a data point to its closest cluster.

A multiprocessor architecture that divides a system into nodes.

A set of database design rules that minimizes data redundancy and results in a database in which the Database Engine and application software can easily enforce integrity.

An entry that has no explicitly assigned value.

A null value that is encountered in a key column.

The attribute of a column, parameter, or variable that specifies whether it allows null data values.

A property which controls if a field can have a NULL value.

See Other Term: non-uniform memory access

Any expression that evaluates to a number.

One of the components of a database, such as a table, index, or stored procedure.

References to other objects when the behavior of the first object can be affected by changes in the object it references.

1. A unique name given to an object. 2. In Metadata Services, a unique identifier constructed from a globally unique identifier (GUID) and an internal identifier.

A variable that contains a reference to an object.

1. The location of a set of data that can be accessed by using an ODBC driver. 2. A stored definition that contains all of the connection information that an ODBC application requires to connect to the data source.

A dynamic-link library (DLL) that an ODBC-enabled application, such as Excel, can use to access an ODBC data source.

Open Geospatial Consortium

See Other Term: online analytical processing

A programming environment that can drive Automation objects.

A Component Object Model (COM) object that provides Automation-compatible interfaces.

An application that exposes programmable automation objects to other applications, which are referred to as automation clients.

A COM-based application programming interface (API) for accessing data. OLE DB supports accessing data stored in any format for which an OLE DB provider is available.

Formerly, the separate specification that addressed OLAP extensions to OLE DB. Beginning with OLE DB 2.0, OLAP extensions arcontroller

A programming environment that can drive Automation objects.

A Component Object Model (COM) object that provides Automation-compatible interfaces.

An application that exposes programmable automation objects to other applications, which are referred to as automation clients.

A COM-based application programming interface (API) for accessing data. OLE DB supports accessing e incorporated into the OLE DB specification.

In relational databases, a relationship between two tables in which a single row in the first table can be related to one or more rows in the second table, but a row in the second table can be related only to one row in the first table.

In relational databases, a relationship between two tables in which a single row in the first table can be related only to one row in the second table, and a row in the second table can be related only to one row in the first table.

A technology that uses multidimensional structures to provide rapid access to data for analysis.

A restore in which one or more secondary filegroups, files belonging to secondary filegroups, or pages are restored while the database remains online.

A data processing system designed to record all of the business transactions of an organization as they occur. An OLTP system is characterized by many concurrent users actively adding and modifying data.

The layer of the SQL Server Database Engine that transfers client requests to the appropriate functions in the Database Engine.

A data access API that supports access to any data source for which an ODBC driver is available.

A sign or symbol that specifies the type of calculation to perform within an expression. There are mathematical, comparison, logical, and reference operators.

A bitmap filter that is applied dynamically during query optimization.

A set of members returned in a specific order.

An object in a repository that is the origin in a directional relationship.

An aggregate function that specifies a scope parameter that is another aggregate function.

A join that includes all the rows from the joined tables that have met the search conditions, even rows from one table for which there is no matching row in the other join table.

The characteristic of some data mining algorithms that assigns importance to random variations in data by viewing them as important patterns.

A situation where permissions that are set on one object enable managing access to multiple objects.

A collection of control flow and data flow elements that runs as a unit.

A bundle of data that is organized in a group for transmission.

1. A string, typically added when the last plaintext block is short. 2. The space allotted in a cell to create or maintain a specific size.

In Report Builder, the page refers to the physical paper page. The paper size that you specify for the report controls how the report is rendered.

An operation that restores one or more data pages, and is used to repair isolated damaged pages.

The process of moving half the rows or entries in a full data or index page to a new page to make room for a new row or index entry.

See Other Term: publication access list

A set of predefined or user-defined values for colors used in charts, maps, and gauges.

A built-in global collection in a report that enables users to set values that can vary report data, appearance, and connect related reports. Report parameters are created automatically from query parameters and dataset parameters, and manually by report authors.

In Transact-SQL queries, the act of using parameters or parameter markers instead of constant values.

A published report that accepts input values through parameters.

A row filter available with merge replication that allows you to restrict the data replicated to a Subscriber based on a system function or user-defined function.

A member in the next higher level in a hierarchy that is directly related to the current member.

A backup of all the data in the primary filegroup, every read/write filegroup, and any optionally specified read-only files.

A restore of only a part of a database that consists of its primary filegroup and possibly one or more secondary filegroups.

A partial backup that is differential relative to a single, previous partial backup (the base backup).

A very small piece or part; an indivisible object.

1. In replication, a subset of rows from a published table, created with a static row filter or a parameterized row filter. 2. In Analysis Services, one of the storage containers for data and aggregations of a cube. Every cube contains one or more partitions. For a cube with multiple partitions, each partition can be stored separately in a different physical location. Each partition can be based on a different data source. Partitions are not visible to users; the cube appears to be a single object. 3. In the Database Engine, a unit of a partitioned table or index.

A function that defines how the rows of a partitioned table or index are spread across a set of partitions based on the values of certain columns, called partitioning columns.

A database object that maps the partitions of a partition function to a set of filegroups.

An index built on a partition scheme, and whose data is horizontally divided into units which may be spread across more than one filegroup in a database.

In merge replication, a snapshot that includes only the data from a single partition.

A table built on a partition scheme, and whose data is horizontally divided into units which may be spread across more than one filegroup in a database.

The process of replacing a table with multiple smaller tables.

The column of a table or index that a partition function uses to partition a table or index.

In database mirroring, refers to the principal server or the mirror server.

The order of evaluation (from highest to lowest calculation pass number) and calculation (from lowest to highest calculation pass number) for calculated members, custom members, custom rollup formulas, and calculated cells in a multidimensional cube.

A query passed uninterpreted to an external server for evaluation.

A SELECT statement that is passed directly to the source database without modification or delay.

A collection of policy settings that define the password requirements for a Group Policy object (GPO).

A data flow element that connects the output of one data flow component to the input of another data flow component.

The database at the peer that will serve as both a publication database and subscription database.

A type of transactional replication. The relationships between nodes in a peer-to-peer replication topology are peer relationships rather than hierarchical ones, with each node containing identical schema and data.

A rule associated with an object to regulate which users can gain access to the object and in what manner.

A computed column of a table that is physically stored, and whose values are updated when any other columns that are part of its computation change.

The saving of an object definition so it will be available after the current session ends.

A user-defined subset of a cube.

The insertion of a new row or the deletion of an existing row in a range of rows that were previously read by another task, where that task has not yet committed its transaction.

The overall structure of a database, including all components of the database.

The path where a file or mirrored file is located.

Requests for database pages that cause SQL Server to transfer the requested pages from disk to the SQL Server buffer pool.

A composite restore process in which a database is restored in stages, where each stage corresponds to a restore sequence.

1. To rotate rows to columns, and columns to rows, in a crosstabular data browser. 2. To choose dimensions from the set of available dimensions in a multidimensional data structure for display in the rows and columns of a crosstabular structure.

The currency against which exchange rates are entered in the rate measure group.

A character or symbol that is used in place of an actual value, text, or object. The actual value that the placeholder represents is unknown or unavailable at the current time, or is not displayed for security reasons. When a simple or complex expression is defined inside a text box, the resulting representation of this expression in design view is known as a placeholder.

Data in its unencrypted or decrypted form.

The act of using the USE PLAN query hint to force the SQL Server query optimizer to use a specified query plan for a query.

A SQL Server module that attaches query hints to queries in deployed applications, without directly modifying the query.

Data that specifies points, lines, or areas on a flat geometric plane.

The process of recovering only the transactions within a log backup that were committed before a specific point in time, instead of recovering the whole backup.

A polling query is typically a singleton query that returns a value Analysis Services can use to determine if changes have been made to a table or other relational object.

In a map report item, a layer that displays spatial data as areas, for example, geographical regions such as counties.

In full-text search, the process of creating and maintaining a full-text index.

The current location of processing in a cursor.

An update, insert, or delete operation performed on a row at the current position of the cursor.

A control flow element that connects tasks and containers into a sequenced workflow.

The maximum total number of decimal digits that can be stored, both to the left and right of the decimal point.

A performance optimization that can be used with filtered merge publications.

A data mining column that the algorithm will build a model around based on values of the input columns.

A data mining technique that analyzes existing data and uses the results to predict values of attributes for new records or missing attributes in existing records.

A set of 1 to 4 bytes that prefix each data field in a native-format bulk-copy data file.

The number of prefix characters preceding each noncharacter field in a bcp native format data file.

Full-text query searching for those columns where the specified character-based text, word, or phrase, is the prefix.

In a log shipping, a read-write database whose transaction log is backed up at regular intervals for restoring onto one or more secondary databases.

In a snowflake schema in a data warehouse, a dimension table that is directly related to and usually joined to the fact table.

A column or set of columns that uniquely identify all the rows in a table.

In a log shipping configuration, the server instance where the primary database resides.

The "one" side of two related tables in a one-to-many relationship.

An entity (such as a login, user, group, or role) that can be granted access to a securable resource.

In a log shipping configuration, the server instance where the primary database resides.

In database mirroring, the partner whose database is currently the principal database.

A system that manages data obsolescence in a cube by which objects in MOLAP storage are automatically updated and processed in cache while queries are redirected to ROLAP storage.

The part of the SQL Server memory pool that is used to store execution plans for Transact-SQL batches, stored procedures, and triggers.

1. In a cube, to populate a cube with data and aggregations. 2. In a data mining model, to populate a data mining model with data mining content.

Collects events in a specific event category and sends the data to a SQL Server Profiler queue.

In Analysis Services, a chart that displays the theoretical increase in profit that is associated with using each model.

A mapping of data from an N-dimensional coordinate system to an (N-1)-dimensional coordinate system. For example, mapping three dimensional geographic data onto a two dimensional display surface.

A dialog box that displays information about an object in the interface.

A named attribute of a control, field, or database object that you set to define one of the object's characteristics, such as size, color, or screen location; or an aspect of its behavior, such as whether it is hidden.

A mapping between a variable and a property of a package element.

A tabbed dialog box where you can identify the characteristics of tables, relationships, indexes, constraints, and keys.

In Integration Services, determines the protection method, the password or user key, and the scope of package protection.

A standard set of formats and procedures that enable computers to exchange information.

1. An OLE DB provider. 2. An in-process dynamic link library (DLL) that provides access to a database.

To install, to supply, to grant, or to provide.

Full-text query searching for those occurrences where the specified words are close to one another.

An account that is used to provide additional permissions for certain actions to users which do not have these permissions but have to execute these actions.

A collection of one or more articles from one database.

The primary mechanism for securing the Publisher. It contains a list of logins, accounts, and groups that are granted access to the publication.

A database on the Publisher from which data and database objects are marked for replication and propagated to Subscribers.

In merge replication, the amount of time a subscription can remain unsynchronized.

In merge replication, the amount of time a subscription can remain unsynchronized.

A server that makes data available for replication to other servers, detects changed data and maintains information about all publications at the site.

A server running an instance of Analysis Services that stores the source cube for one or more linked cubes.

The table at the Publisher in which data has been marked for replication and is part of a publication.

A subscription created and administered at the Subscriber. The Distribution Agent or Merge Agent for the subscription runs at the Subscriber.

A backup containing only the transaction log covering an interval without any bulk changes.

A subscription created and administered at the Publisher.

A configuration option that can be used to prevent system resources from being consumed by long-running queries.

The SQL Server Database Engine component responsible for generating efficient execution plans for SQL statements.

A SQL Server Profiler queue that provides a temporary holding location for server events to be captured.

In a database mirroring session for which a witness server instance is set, a relationship established only when at least two of the server instances in the session are connected to each other. Quorum is required to make the database available.

See Other Term: unbalanced hierarchy

A way of partitioning a table or index by specifying partitions to hold rows with ranges of values from a single partitioning column.

A query that specifies a range of values as part of the search criteria, such as all rows from 10 through 100.

For full-text and SQL Server Books Online searches, a value indicating how closely rows or topics match the specified search criteria. For Metadata Services and Analysis Services, a value indicating the relative positions of elements such as dimension members, hierarchy levels, or tuples in a set.

A function that returns ranking information about each row in the window (partition) of a result set depending on the row's position within the window.

In Integration Services, a native format for fast reading and writing of data to files.

A service that provides a simple way for a smart device application to access (pull) and send (push) data to and from a remote SQL Server database table an>

For full-text and SQL Server Books Online searches, a value indicating how closely rows or topics match the specified search criteria. For Metadata Services and Analysis Services, a value indicating the relative positions of elements such as dimension members, hierarchy levels, or tuples in a set.

A function that returns ranking information about each rd a local SQL Server Mobile Edition database table.

See Other Term: relational database management system

See Other Term: Report Definition Language

A group of related fields (columns) of information treated as a unit. A record is more commonly called a row in a relational database.

The ActiveX Database Objects (ADO) object that is used to contain a result set. It also exhibits cursor behavior depending on the recordset properties set by an application.

To put back into a stable condition.

A phase of database startup that brings the database into a transaction-consistent state.

A range of LSNs that share the same recovery branch GUID.

The point (LSN,GUID) at which a new recovery branch is started, every time a RESTORE WITH RECOVERY is performed.

The maximum amount of time that the Database Engine should require to recover a database.

A database property that controls the basic behavior of backup and restore operations for a database.

The sequence of data and log backups that have brought a database to a particular point in time (known as a recovery point).

The point in the log chain at which rolling forward stops during a recovery.

A report item that can be used as a container for multiple report items or as a graphical element on a report.

1. A hierarchy of data from a single report dataset that includes multiple hierarchical levels into a hierarchy structure, such as the report-to structure for manager-employee relationships in an organizational hierarchy. 2. In Master Data Services, a derived hierarchy that includes a recursive relationship. A recursive relationship exists when an entity has a domain-based attribute that is based on the entity itself.

The phase during recovery that applies (rolls forward) logged changes to a database to bring the data forward in time.

A relationship between a dimension and a measure group in which the dimension is coupled to the measure group through another dimension. This behaves like a snowflake dimension, except that attributes are not shared between the two dimensions.

The source table to use in fuzzy lookups.

A primary key or unique key referenced by a foreign key.

A state in which all foreign key values in a database are valid. For a foreign key to be valid, it must contain either the value NULL, or an existing key value from the primary or unique key columns referenced by the foreign key.

A relationship from a column or combination of columns in a table to other columns in that same table.

The series of operations that clears data from a cube, loads the cube with new data from the data warehouse, and calculates aggregations.

A collection of 128 leaf level pages in logical order in a single file. Used to identify areas of a file that are fragmented.

A database or database management system that stores information in tables as rows and columns of data, and conducts searches by using the data in specified columns of one table to find additional data in another table.

A system that organizes data into related rows and columns.

A storage mode that uses tables in a relational database to store multidimensional structures.

1. A link between tables that references the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table. The relationship line is represented in a database diagram by a solid line if referential integrity between the tables is enforced, or a dashed line if referential integrity is not enforced for INSERT and UPDATE transactions. The endpoints of a relationship line show a primary key symbol to denote a primary key-to-foreign key relationship, or they show an infinity symbol to denote the foreign key side of a one-to-many relationship. 2. In Metadata Services, a relationship is an association between a pair of objects, where one object is an origin and the other object is a deanizes data into related rows and columns.

A storage mode that uses tables in a relational database to store multidimensional structures.

1. A link between tables that references the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table. The relationship line is represented in a database diagram by a solid line if referential integrity between the tables is enforced, or a dashed line if referential integrity is not enforced for INSERT and UPDATE transactions. The endpoints of a relationship line show a primary key symbol to denote a primary key-to-foreign key relationship, or they show an infinity symbol to denote the foreign key side of a one-to-many relationship. 2. In Metadata Services, a relationship is an associstination. The association repeats for each subsequent pair of objects, so that the destination of one relationship becomes the origin in the next relationship. In this way, all objects in an information model are associated through a chain of relationships that extend from one object to the next throughout the information model.

An object representing a pair of objects that assume a role in relation to each other.

A definition of a relationship between two interfaces, as defined in an information model.

A range of dates that is specified by using comparison operators and return data for a range of dates.

Data stored in an OLE DB data source that is separate from the current instance of SQL Server.

A service that provides a simple way for a smart device application to access (pull) and send (push) data to and from a remote SQL Server database table and a local SQL Server Mobile Edition database table.

A server configured as a Distributor that is separate from the server configured as the Publisher.

The login identification assigned to a user for accessing remote procedures on a remote server.

A partition whose data is stored on a server running an instance of Analysis Services, other than the one used to store the metadata of the partition.

A Service Broker object that specifies the local security credentials for a remote service.

A stored procedure located on one instance of SQL Server that is executed by a statement on another instance of SQL Server.

A table stored in an OLE DB data source that is separate from the current instance of SQL Server.

A fully processed report that contains both data and layout information, in a format suitable for viewing.

A component in Reporting Services that is used to process the output format of a report.

A plug-in that renders reports to a specific format.

Report object model used by rendering extensions.

In SQL Server Profiler, the ability to open a saved trace and play it again.

Data at the Subscriber that has been received from a Publisher.

The process of copying updated data from a data store or file system on a source computer to a matching data store or file system on one or more destination computers to synchronize the data.

Defines the relationship between servers and copies of data and clarifies the logic that determines how data flows between servers.

The .rdl file that is the XML definition of a report and that conforms to the schema reportdefinition.xsd.

A set of instructions that describe layout and query information for a report.

A report snapshot that is cached.

A collection of report snapshots that are created and saved over time.

A report snapshot that appears in report history.

A static report history that contains data captured at a specific point in time.

Any object, such as a text box, graphical element, or data region, that exists on a report layout.

The placement of data regions, report items, and text within a report and the applied formatting.

A pre-designed table, matrix, or chart report template in Report Builder.

A URL to a hyperlinked report.

A metadata description of business data used for creating ad hoc reports in Report Builder.

Report items that have been published separately to a report server and that can be reused in other reports. Report items such as tables, matrices, charts, and images can be published as report parts. Report parts have an .rsc file extension and they conform to the schema componentdefinition.xsd.

A component in Reporting Services that is used to extend the report processing logic.

The action of combining the report layout with the data from the data source for the purpose of viewing the report.

A location on the network where the ClickOnce version of Report Builder is launched from and a report is saved, managed, and published.

A user with elevated privileges who can access all settings and content of a report server.

A database that provides internal storage for a report server.

The account under which the Report Server Web service and Report Server Windows service run.

A hierarchy that contains predefined and user-defined folders. The namespace uniquely identifies reports and other items that are stored in a report server. It provides an addressing scheme for specifying reports in a URL.

A Windows service that contains all the processing and management capabilities of a report server.

A Web service that hosts, processes, and delivers reports.

A static report that contains data captured at a specific point in time.

Schedule defined inline with a report.

A Web server control and Windows Form control that provides embedded report processing in ASP.NET and Windows Forms applications.

A database containing information models that, in conjunction with the executable software, manage the database.

Object-oriented software that provides management support for and customer access to a repository database.

A COM object that represents a data construct stored in a repository type library.

A set of standard tables used by the repository engine to manage all repository objects, relationships, and collections.

A core object model that represents repository type definitions for Metadata Services.

When a Subscriber publishes to another Subscriber data that it has received from a Publisher.

A Subscriber that publishes data that it has received from a Publisher.

A COM object that represents a data construct stored in a repository type library.

A set of standard tables used by the repository engine to manage all repository objects, relationships, and collections.

A core object model that represents repository type definitions for Metadata Services.

When a Subscriber publishes to another Subscegy">A set of criteria that the repository engine evaluates sequentially when selecting an object, where multiple versions exist and version information is unspecified in the calling program.

Any item in a report server database that is not a report, folder, or shared data source item.

A multi-phase process that copies all the data and log pages from a specified backup to a specified database, and then rolls forward all the transactions that are logged in the backup.

A sequence of one or more restore commands that, typically, initializes the contents of the database, files, or pages that are being restored (the data-copy phase); rolls forward logged transactions (the redo phase); and rolls back uncommitted transactions (the undo phase).

The set of rows returned from a SELECT statement.

A bookmark that can be consumed from a rowset for a given table and used on a different rowset of the same table to position on a corresponding row.

To remove a previously granted or denied permission from a user account, role, or group in the current database.

See Other Term: row identifier

A type of outer join in which all rows in the table on the right in the JOIN clause are included.

1. A user or group to whom a set of specific permissions are granted. 2. In Analysis Services, a role uses Windows security accounts to limit scope of access and permissions when users access databases, cubes, dimensions, and data mining models. 3. In a database mirroring session, the principal server and mirror server perform complementary principal and mirror roles. Optionally, the role of witness is performed by a third server instance.

A security policy that defines users and groups that can access specific items and perform specific operations.

A named collection of tasks that defines the operations a user can perform on a report server.

In a database mirroring session, the taking over of the principal role by the mirror.

A single database dimension joined to the fact table on a different foreign keys to produce multiple cube dimensions.

To reverse changes.

To apply logged changes to the data in a roll forward set to bring the data forward in time.

The set of all data that is restored by a restore sequence.

The file rollover option causes SQL Server to close the current file and create a new file when the maximum file size is reached.

A Service Broker object that specifies the network address for a remote service.

In an SQL table, a single occurrence of the object modeled by the table.

A function that generates summary values, which appear as additional rows in the query results.

A filter that limits the rows to include in a dataset.

1. A column or set of columns used to distinguish any single row from every other row in the table. 2. In a heap, a pointer to the row.

A lock on a single row in a table.

1. With cursors, the process in which the timestamp column of a row is used to determine whether data has been modified after being read into a cursor. If the data row does not have a timestamp column, row versioning is not used. 2. With transaction isolation, when a row versioning-based isolation level is enabled, the process in which the Database Engine maintains versions of data rows affected by data manipulation language (DML) execution. By choosing the appropriate isolation level, applications use row versions to query and retrieve a transactionally consistent snapshot of the data as it existed at the start of the transaction or query without acquiring locks on the data.

Data of type varchar, nvarchar, varbinary, or sql_variant that is stored off the main data page of a table or index because the combined widths of these columns exceeds the limit of 8,060 bytes per row.

A set of rows in which each row has columns of data.

A core object model that represents repository type definitions for Metadata Services.

1. A database object that is bound to columns or alias data types, and specifies which data values are acceptable in a column. CHECK constraints provide the same functionality and are preferred because they are in the SQL-92 standard. 2. In Analysis Services, a rule specifies restrictions such as Unrestricted, Fully Restricted, or Custom for security read and read/write role permissions.

The process of executing one of the application rules (event chronicle rules, subscription event rules, and subscription scheduled rules) defined in the application definition file.

In a map report item, an algorithm that automatically varies the properties of map elements on a layer based on related analytical data.

Code that runs within the common language runtime (CLR). Also referred to as managed code.

A marker that allows an application to roll back part of a transaction if a minor error is encountered.

A character encoding in which each character is represented by 1 byte.

A single-value field, as opposed to an aggregate.

An aggregate function, such as MIN(), MAX(), or AVG(), that is specified in a SELECT statement column list that contains only aggregate functions.

The line on a linear gauge on which tick marks are drawn -- analogous to an axis on a chart.

An automatic backup performed by SQL Server Agent when defined and scheduled as a job.

In the SQL-92 standard, a collection of database objects that are owned by a single user and form a single namespace. A namespace is a set of objects that cannot have duplicate names.

A specially defined rowset that returns metadata about objects or functionality on an instance of SQL Server or Analysis Services.

A snapshot that includes schema for published tables and objects required by replication (triggers, metadata tables, and so on), but not user data.

Used in multiple contexts. Scope can specify the data to use for evaluating an expression, the set of text boxes on a rendered page, or the set of report items that can be shown or hidden based on a toggle.

A collection of Transact-SQL statements used to perform an operation.

The ability to move around a cursor in directions other than forward-only.

In a WHERE or HAVING clause, predicates that specify the conditions that the source rows must meet to be included in the SQL statement.

In log shipping, a read-only database that was created by restoring a full backup of the primary database (without recovery) on a separate server instance (the secondary server).

In a log shipping configuration, the server instance where the secondary database resides.

Entities that can be secured with permissions.

A proposed open standard for establishing a secure communications channel to prevent the interception of critical information, such as credit card numbers. Primarily, it enables secure electronic financial transactions on the World Wide Web, although it is designed to work on other Internet services as well.

A component in Reporting Services that authenticates a user or group to a report server.

In Windows-based computers, an account (such as a user, security group, device, or computer) that can be granted or denied access to resources.

A data mining technique that analyzes data to discover mutually exclusive collections of records that share similar attributes sets.

The SELECT statement clause that defines the columns of the result set returned by the statement.

A join in which records from a table are combined with other records from the same table when there are matching values in the joined fields.

A set of instructions that describe layout and query information for reports created in Report Builder.

A measure that can be summed along one or more, but not all, dimensions in a cube.

A cursor that can reflect data modifications made to underlying data by other users while the cursor is open.

Defines a control flow that is a subset of the package control flow.

A collection of destination objects of a sequenced relationship object.

A relationship in a repository that specifies explicit positions for each destination object within the collection of destination objects.

The highest transaction isolation level. Serializable transactions lock all rows they read or modify to ensure the transaction is completely isolated from other tasks.

In a chart, a series is made up of more than one data point.

An aggregate value that is calculated on the data source. Depending on the data source, server aggregates can be treated as detail data or as aggregates based on the dataset option InterpretSubtotalsAsDetails.

The collation for an instance of SQL Server.

A cursor implemented on the server.

A name that uniquely identifies a server computer on a network.

A subscription to a merge publication with an assigned priority value used for conflict detection and resolution.

A Service Broker object that defines a name for a specific task or set of tasks, and the contracts that other services can use to accomplish that task.

The name by which a client uniquely identifies an instance of a service.

A program that uses Service Broker functionality. A service program may be a Transact-SQL stored procedure, a SQLCLR stored procedure, or an external program.

In database mirroring, the interactions that occur during mirroring among the principal server, mirror server, and witness server (if present).

A text file, using the Windows .ini file format, that stores configuration information allowing SQL Server to be installed without a user having to be present to respond to prompts from the Setup program.

A number that indicates the relative significance of an error that is generated by the SQL Server Database Engine.

In Reporting Services, refers to a static report instance: data and layout, as it exists at a specific point in time.

The .rsd file that is the XML definition of a data source and that conforms to the schema shareddatasource.xsd.

Data source connection information that is encapsulated in an item.

The .rcd file that is the XML definition of a shared dataset and that conforms to the schema shareddatasetdefinition.xsd.

A dimension created within a database that can be used by any cube in the database.

A lock created by nonupdate (read) operations.

Schedule information that can be referenced by multiple items.

A report showing the execution plan for an SQL statement.

A member in a dimension hierarchy that is a child of the same parent as a specified member.

An expression that contains a reference to a single field and appears in the report layout in brackets, e.g. [ProductID].

A database recovery mode that minimally logs all transactions sufficiently to ensure database consistency after a system crash or after restoring a data backup.

A character encoding in which each character is represented by 1 byte.

A state in which only one user can access a resource.

A subset of the data in a cube, specified by limiting one or more dimensions by members of the dimension.

A smart tag exposes key configurations directly on the design surface to enhance overall design-time productivity in Visual Studio 2005.

See Other Term: Semantic Model Definition Language (SMDL)

See Other Term: report snapshot

A transaction isolation level in which each read operation performed by a transaction returns all data as it existed at the start of the transaction.

Snapshot replication distributes data exactly as it appears at a specific moment in time and does not monitor for updates to the data.

A share available for the storage of snapshot files. Snapshot files contain the schema and data for published tables.

An extension of a star schema such that one or more dimensions are defined by multiple tables.

The order of evaluation (from highest to lowest solve order) and calculation (from lowest to highest solve order) for calculated members, custom members, custom rollup formulas, and calculated cells in a single calculation pass of a multidimensional cube.

The set of rules in a collation that define how characters are evaluated in comparison operations, and the sequence in which they are sorted.

An Integration Services data flow component that extracts data from a data store, such as files and databases.

A browsing technique in which a source object is used to retrieve its target object or objects through their relationship.

A way of storing and managing different versions of source code files and other files used in software development projects. Also known as configuration management and revision control.

The cube on which a linked cube is based.

1. In data warehousing, the database from which data is extracted for use in the data warehouse. 2. A database on the Publisher from which data and database objects are marked for replication as part of a publication that is propagated to Subscribers.

The single object to which all objects in a particular collection are connected by way of relationships that are all of the same relationship type.

An Analysis Services partition that is merged into another and is deleted automatically at the end of the merger process.

A file that is handled in a way that requires much less disk space than would otherwise be needed.

The relative percentage of a multidimensional structure's cells that do not contain data.

Data that specifies locations of objects on a flat or curved surface. Spatial data can be points, lines, or polygons.

Specifies data that represents geometry (planar) or geography (geodesic) information.

See Other Term: Structured Query Language (SQL)

A set of SQL Server collations whose characteristics match those of commonly-used code page and sort order combinations from earlier versions of SQL Server.

Any combination of operators, constants, literal values, functions, and names of tables and fields that evaluates to a single value.

An SQL statement, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or CREATE TABLE.

The mechanism to validate an attept to connect to an instance of SQL Server by specifying a SQL Server login ID and password.

A central instance of SQL Server that manages SQL Server Agent events forwarded to it by other instances.

An account stored in SQL Server that allows users to connect to SQL Server.

An SQL or Transact-SQL command, such as SELECT or DELETE, that performs some action on data.

In a restore operation, a file used during the undo phase to hold a "copy-on-write" pre-image of pages that are to be modified.

A server instance containing a copy of a database that can be brought online if the source copy of the database becomes unavailable.

A join between a fact table (typically a large fact table) and at least two dimension tables.

A star query joins a fact table and a number of dimension tables.

A relational database structure in which data is maintained in a single fact table at the center of the schema with additional dimension data stored in dimension tables.

A set of values that the report always uses to connect to the same data source each time the report runs.

A cursor that shows the result set exactly as it was at the time the cursor was opened.

A filter available for all types of replication that allows you to restrict the data replicated to a Subscriber based on a WHERE clause.

In Full-Text Search, for a given language, a stemmer generates inflectional forms of a particular word based on the rules of that language.

A page in Buffer Cache taken for other server requests.

A data type that contains letters, numbers, and most characters. Numbers in a String field, that is a field with a data type of String, are not available for numeric calculations. You must use a numeric data type, such as Integer or Float, to perform numeric calculations. For a parameter, String is the same as the Text data type.

Functions that perform operations on character or binary strings.

A media set that uses multiple devices, among which each backup is distributed.

A language used to insert, retrieve, modify, and delete data in a relational database, designed specifically for database queries.

A subreport is a control embedded inside the body of a parent report. Conceptually, a subreport is similar to a frame in a Web page that provides a container for other Web page content. The subreport is rendered inside the parent report that contains it. Both reports are processed and displayed simultaneously.

A database instance that receives replicated data.

A server running an instance of Analysis Services that stores a linked cube.

A request for a copy of a publication to be delivered to a Subscriber.

A database at the Subscriber that receives data and database objects published by a Publisher.

A rule that processes information for event-driven subscriptions.

See Other Term: publication retention period

One or more Transact-SQL statements that process information for scheduled subscriptions.

A selection of tables and the relationship lines between them that is part of a larger database diagram.

The number of ways in which a piece of software can be attacked.

A single key that is used with symmetric encryption algorithms for both encryption and decryption.

1. In replication, the process of data and schema changes being propagated between the Publisher and Subscribers after the initial snapshot has been applied at the Subscriber. 2. In database mirroring, when a mirroring session starts or resumes, the process in which log records of the principal database that have accumulated on the principal server are sent to the mirror server, which writes these log records to disk as quickly as possible to catch up with the principal server.

A tool used to ensure that a file or directory on a client computer contains the same data as a matching file or directory on a server.

A set of five databases present in all instances of SQL Server that are used to store system information.

A set of built-in functions that perform operations on and return the information about values, objects, and settings in SQL Server.

Role assignment that applies to the site as a whole.

Role definition that conveys site-wide authority.

A set of SQL Server-supplied stored procedures that can be used for actions such as retrieving information from the system catalog or performing administration tasks.

Built-in tables that form the system catalog for SQL Server.m30848

A value that is used internally by Integration Services to store information about the running package and its objects.

1. A two-dimensional object, which consists of rows and columns, that stores data about an entity modeled in a relational database. 2. A data region on a report layout that displays data in a columnar format.

A report item on a report layout that displays data in a columnar format.

A lock on a table including all data and indexes.

A data retrieval operation where the Database Engine must read all the pages in a table to find the rows that qualify for a query.

A constraint that allows various forms of data integrity to be defined on one column (column-level constraint) or several columns (table-level constraints) when the table is defined or altered.

A Reporting Seled in a relational database. 2. A data region on a report layout that displays data in a columnar format.

A report item on a report rvices RDL data region that contains rows and columns resembling a table or matrix, possibly sharing characteristics of both.

The SQL Server internal client/server data transfer protocol.

A log backup taken from a possibly damaged database to capture the log that has not yet been backed up.

A SQL Server backup operation that writes to any tape device supported by the operating system.

An Analysis Services partition into which another is merged, and which contains the data of both partitions after the merger.

A server that receives jobs from a master server; in multiserver administrations, a server that connects to and receives jobs from a master server.

A collection of permissions that constitute a task (manage reports, manage folders, etc).

See Other Term: tabular data stream

A procedure placed in the temporary database, tempdb, and erased at the end of the session.

A table placed in the temporary database, tempdb, and erased at the end of the session.

An operating system component that lets the logic of multiuser applications be performed as several separate, asynchronous execution paths.

1. A dimension that breaks time down into levels such as Year, Quarter, Month, and Day. 2. In Analysis Services, a special type of dimension created from a date/time column.

In Full-Text Search, a word or a character string identified by the word breaker.

In text mining or Full-Text Search, the process of identifying meaningful units within strings, either at word boundaries, morphemes, or stems, so that related tokens can be grouped.

A file used by SQL Server Profiler to record monitored events.

A performance monitoring tool available for transactional replication. A token (a small amount of data) is sent through the replication system to measure the amount of time it takes for transactions to reach the Distributor and Subscribers.

The second byte of a 2-byte code point in a double-byte code page.

A set of known and predictable data used to train a data mining model.

An attribute that describes an entity.

A group of database operations combined into a logical unit of work that is either wholly committed or rolled back.

Data processing used to efficiently record business activities, called transactions, that are of interest to an organization (for example, sales, orders, or money transfers).

See Other Term: distribution retention period

Rollback of a user-specified transaction to the last savepoint inside a transaction or to the beginning of a transaction.

A type of replication that typically starts with a snapshot of the publication database objects and data.

The language containing the commands used to administer instances of SQL Server, create and manage all objects in an instance of SQL Server, and to insert, retrieve, modify and delete all data in SQL Server tables. Transact-SQL is an extension of the language defined in the SQL standards published by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

A server cursor defined by using the Transact-SQL DECLARE CURSOR syntax.

1. In data warehousing, the process of changing data extracted from source data systems into arrangements and formats consistent with the schema of the data warehouse. 2. In Integration Services, a data flow component that aggregates, merges, distributes, and modifies column data and rowsets.

Information about a transformatiects in an instance of SQL Server, and to insert, retrieve, modify and delete all data in SQL Server tables. Transact-SQL is an extension of the language defined in the SQL standards published byon error.

Data that is contained in a column, which is used during a join or lookup process, to modify or aggregate data in the table to which it is joined.

Data that is returned as the result of a transformation procedure.

A protocol that provides communications privacy and security between two applications communicating over a network. TLS encrypts communications and enables clients to authenticate servers and, optionally, servers to authenticate clients. TLS is a more secure version of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.

A Windows network connection that can be opened only by users who have been authenticated by the network.

Uniquely identifies a cell, based on a combination of attribute members from every attribute hierarchy in the cube.

A process that ensures transactions that apply to more than one server are completed on all servers or on none.

A hierarchy in which one or more levels do not contain members in one or more branches of the hierarchy.

A transaction that remains open and cannot be committed.

A table referenced by a view, cursor, or stored procedure.

The phase during database recovery that reverses (rolls back) changes made by any transactions that were uncommitted when the redo phase of recovery completed.

A link between tables that references the primary key in one table to a foreign key in another table, and which does not check the referential integrity during INSERT and UPDATE transactions.

Unicode defines a set of letters, numbers, and symbols that SQL Server recognizes in the nchar, nvarchar, and ntext data types.

A set of rules that acts as a sort order for Unicode data.

Data stored in a bulk copy data file using Unicode characters.

An index in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index value, thus prohibiting duplicate index or key values.

A hidden 4-byte column that the SQL Server Database Engine automatically adds to a row to make the index key for that row unique. The uniqueifier is added to a row only when the clustered index on the table is not created with the UNIQUE property and the values in the index key for that row do not provide uniqueness.

A member of a dimension for which no key is found during processing of a cube that contains the dimension.

Code that does not run inside the CLR.

In Integration Services, the process of creating a more normalized dataset by expanding data columns in a single record into multiple records.

Code that does not run inside the CLR. Also referred to as unmanaged code.

A lock placed on resources (such as row, page, table) that can be updated.

A process that recalculates information about the distribution of key values in specified indexes.

An instance of SQL Server Express that is generated by the parent instance on behalf of a user.

An aggregate function that is created by referencing a SQL Server assembly.

An aggregate function created against a SQL Server assembly whose implementation is defined in an assembly created in the .NET Framework common language runtime.

1. In SQL Server, a Transact-SQL function defined by a user. 2. In Analysis Services, a function defined in a Microsoft ActiveX library created using a Component Object Model (COM) automation language such as Visual Basic or Visual C++.

The process of confirming that the elements of an XML file are logically valid.

The process of confirming that an XML file conforms to its schema.

An expression in Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) that returns a value. Value expressions can operate on sets, tuples, members, levels, numbers, or strings.

1. In Integration Services, stores values that can be used in scripts, expressions, and property expressions to set column values and the properties of package objects. 2. Defined entities that are assigned values. A local variable is defined with a DECLARE@localvariable statement and assigned an initial value within the statement batch where it is declared with either a SELECT or SET@localvariable statement.

An option on a Reporting Services chart that can be specified to automatically calculate the optimal number of labels that can be placed on an axis, based on the chart width or height.

Filtering columns from a table. When used as part of replication, the table article created contains only selected columns from the publishing table.

To segment a single table into multiple tables based on selected columns.

A database that has become large enough to be a management challenge.

A repository engine feature that is used to create relational views based on classes, interfaces, and relationships in an information model.

Non-physical files that are derived from one physical log file by the SQL Server Database Engine.

A displayed, aggregated cell value for a dimension member that is consistent with the displayed cell values for its displayed children.

In maps, charts, and gauges, the way that a user chooses to visualize analytical data.

See Other Term: very large database

A standby server that contains a copy of a database that is asynchronously updated, and that can be brought online fairly quickly.

In Reporting Services, a service that uses Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) over HTTP and acts as a communications interface between client programs and the report server.

In merge replication, a feature that lets you replicate data by using the HTTPS protocol.

A set of rules that determines how SQL Server sorts character data. A collation is specified by name in the Windows Control Panel and in SQL Server 2000 during Setup.

A set of data access technologies that are included in the Microsoft Windows operating system starting with Windows Vista. These are recent versions of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) technologies, such as ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), Open Data Base Connectivity (ODBC), and OLE DB.

An interface that provides information about objects in a managed environment.

In database mirroring, the server instance that monitors the status of the principal and mirror servers and that, by default, can initiate automatic failover if the principal server fails.

Well Known Binary data representation as specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

Well Known Text data representation as specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

See Other Term: Windows Management Instrumentation

A subset of ANSI SQL with semantic changes adapted to Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).

In Full-Text Search, for a given language, a word breaker tokenizes text based on the lexical rules of the language.

The process of determining other forms of the word(s) specified in a search.

In text mining or Full-Text Search, the process of separating strings at word boundaries.

See Other Term: WMI Query Language

To update a cube cell value, member, or member property value.

To change a cube or dimension so that users in cube roles with read/write access to the cube or dimension can change its data.

A transaction logging method in which the log is always written prior to the data.

In SQL Server, the update of a cube cell value, member, or member property value.

See Other Term: category (x) axis

A deployment feature, supported only by SQL Server Express, that allows an application and a database file (.mdf) to be copied to another computer, or to a different location on the same computer, without additional configuration.

A specification that describes an open standard that supports data access to data sources that reside on the World Wide Web.

See Other Term: XML for Analysis

See Other Term: Extensible Stylesheet Language

See Other Term: Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations

See Other Term: value (y) axis

A message that was not processed by an orchestration. It is not in the Suspended queue or anywhere else where it will be retried.